Caffeine, a methylxanthine compound, has garnered attention for its potential efficacy in treating hair loss. Scientific investigations propose that caffeine, when topically applied, may exert positive effects on hair health through multiple mechanisms. Primarily, caffeine is known to inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to elevated levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within hair follicles. This increase in cAMP has been associated with the stimulation of hair keratinocyte proliferation, extending the duration of the anagen (growth) phase. Furthermore, caffeine's vasoactive properties promote enhanced blood circulation when applied to the scalp, facilitating improved nutrient and oxygen delivery to hair follicles. As a result, caffeine emerges as a compelling candidate for inclusion in hair care formulations,

Niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3, has been studied for its potential positive effects on promoting hair regrowth and reducing hair loss. The biological activities of niacinamide that contribute to its efficacy in this context involve its role as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a critical coenzyme involved in various cellular processes.

Niacinamide's impact on cellular metabolism is of particular relevance to hair follicle function. By enhancing cellular energy production through the NAD+ pathway, niacinamide supports the energetic demands of actively growing hair follicles, potentially extending the duration of the anagen (growth) phase and optimizing the overall hair growth cycle.

Moreover, niacinamide exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which may be pivotal in addressing conditions associated with hair loss. Inflammation within the scalp, whether due to environmental factors or underlying conditions, can contribute to hair follicle damage and subsequent hair loss. Niacinamide's ability to modulate inflammatory responses may, therefore, play a role in maintaining a conducive environment for hair regrowth.

Additionally, niacinamide has been suggested to contribute to improved blood circulation. Enhanced blood flow to the scalp can support the delivery of essential nutrients and oxygen to the hair follicles, promoting their health and functionality.

While the body of scientific evidence supporting niacinamide's specific role in hair regrowth is still evolving, studies and research indicate its potential as a valuable component in formulations aimed at reducing hair loss and promoting overall hair health.

Biotin, a water-soluble B-vitamin, has garnered attention for its potential role in promoting hair health and combating hair loss. Scientific studies suggest that biotin may support the production of keratin, a key structural protein in hair, by aiding in the metabolism of amino acids necessary for its synthesis. Additionally, biotin may contribute to the maintenance of a healthy scalp environment, which is crucial for optimal hair growth. While research on the specific effects of biotin supplementation on hair loss is ongoing, some individuals experiencing hair thinning or brittleness may benefit from incorporating biotin into their daily routine as part of a comprehensive approach to hair care.

Sea salt is utilised as a volumising agent for hair due to its ability to absorb excess oil and moisture from the scalp, resulting in lifted roots and enhanced body. The texture of sea salt granules creates a temporary roughness on the hair cuticle, increasing friction between strands and adding texture and volume. Additionally, sea salt contains minerals such as magnesium, calcium, and potassium, which help to strengthen hair follicles and promote healthy hair growth. These minerals also contribute to maintaining the scalp's natural pH balance, which is crucial for optimal hair health. Furthermore, sea salt can create subtle waves and texture in the hair, providing a fuller appearance. Overall, the combination of oil absorption, mineral content, and texturising properties makes sea salt an effective volumising agent for hair.